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A heat pump works by extracting heat from the surroundings of the heated building (the air, the ground or water) and transferring it to a higher temperature level usable for space heating and hot water. Raising the heat to a higher temperature level is possible thanks to the compression of refrigerant vapour in the compressor, which causes it to heat up. It is the same principle as when you pump up a bicycle tyre – both the air and the pump become noticeably warm as the air is compressed.

A heat pump makes excellent use of this principle to obtain heat from the surroundings free of charge. But how do you get heat from a place that is cold? By cooling it down even further and thereby extracting heat from it. Thanks to this principle, a heat pump can obtain heat even from air at a temperature of – 20°C. Extracting heat at such low temperatures is somewhat less efficient, but still worthwhile.

Air-to-water heat pumps are in demand thanks to their simple installation and suitability for any location. You need no boreholes or ground collectors to obtain thermal energy. The energy source is the outdoor air, from which the heat pump is able to extract energy.

Ground-to-water heat pumps are also very popular, especially abroad. In Slovakia, despite their advantages, they still remain in the background. The reason is simple – a higher investment cost. However, they are the most efficient type of heat pump. Even in the depths of a freezing winter, the ground just 10 metres below the surface has a temperature of approx. 10 – 12°C.